Growth Terms
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Photosynthesis: The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose.
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Germination: The process where a seed begins to sprout and grow into a seedling. Influenced by water, temperature, and light.
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Transpiration: The process of water movement through a plant and evaporation from aerial parts like leaves, stems, and flowers.
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Vigour: A plantโs overall health and capacity for growth under optimal conditions.
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Chlorosis: Yellowing of plant leaves due to lack of chlorophyll, often caused by nutrient deficiencies, poor drainage, or disease.
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Meristem: Plant tissue that remains capable of growth and differentiation; located at tips of roots and shoots for continual growth.
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Turgor Pressure: Pressure of water inside the plant cell walls that keeps the plant rigid and upright.
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Node: The part of a plant stem where leaves, branches, or flowers grow, and where growth can be measured.
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Adventitious Roots: Roots that grow from non-root tissues, often in response to stress or for added support.
Disease Terms
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Pathogen: A disease-causing organism, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes, that can infect plants.
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Blight: A general term for rapid and complete plant death caused by a pathogen, often seen in leaves, stems, or flowers.
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Wilt: A condition where leaves droop or collapse due to water loss, poor nutrient uptake, or root disease.
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Mildew: Fungal growth on plants, typically white or grey, affecting leaves and stems. Common types include powdery mildew and downy mildew.
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Rot: Decomposition of plant tissues due to fungal or bacterial infection. Types include root rot, stem rot, and crown rot.
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Necrosis: Death of plant tissue, often appearing as brown or black spots on leaves or stems, due to disease or stress.
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Canker: A localized dead area on the bark or stems of plants, usually caused by fungal or bacterial infections.
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Leaf Spot: Localized dead tissue on leaves, usually circular spots caused by fungi or bacteria.
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Damping Off: A fungal disease that affects seedlings, causing them to collapse and die soon after germination.
Virus and Pest Terms
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Virus: A submicroscopic pathogen that can infect plants, causing symptoms like mottling, curling, and stunted growth.
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Mosaic Virus: A viral disease that causes mottled or patchy discoloration on leaves, reducing plant health and yield.
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Viral Vector: An organism, often an insect like aphids or whiteflies, that transmits plant viruses from one plant to another.
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Inoculation: The introduction of a pathogen or virus into a plant, often referring to virus transmission or purposeful introduction for resistance studies.
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Gall: An abnormal growth on plant tissues, often caused by insects, bacteria, fungi, or nematodes.
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Systemic Infection: When a virus or pathogen spreads throughout the entire plant, affecting growth, yield, and health across all parts.
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Vector: An organism that carries and spreads disease-causing pathogens. Examples include insects, mites, and nematodes.
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Mycoplasma: A group of bacteria-like organisms that cause diseases in plants, often spread by insect vectors.
Preventive and Treatment Terms
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Fungicide: A chemical or biological substance used to kill or inhibit fungal pathogens.
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Bactericide: A chemical substance used to kill or control bacterial pathogens.
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Biocontrol: The use of natural predators or parasites to control pests and diseases in plants.
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Resistant Variety: A plant variety bred or genetically modified to resist specific pathogens, pests, or environmental conditions.
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Sanitation: Practices used to prevent the spread of diseases and pests, including removing infected plant material and disinfecting tools.
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Quarantine: The isolation of infected plants or crops to prevent the spread of diseases to healthy plants.
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IPM (Integrated Pest Management): A holistic approach to controlling pests and diseases using a combination of biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical strategies.
Term | Description |
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Photosynthesis ๐ | Plants use sunlight, water, and CO2 to produce energy. |
Germination ๐ฑ | The process by which a seed sprouts and begins to grow. |
Transpiration ๐ง | Water movement through plants and evaporation. |
Vigour ๐ช | Overall health and strong growth under optimal conditions. |
Chlorosis ๐ | Yellowing of leaves due to nutrient deficiency or disease. |
Meristem ๐ฟ | Plant tissue capable of growth at tips of roots and shoots. |
Turgor Pressure ๐ฐ | Water pressure inside cells keeping plants rigid and upright. |
Node ๐ณ | Where leaves or branches grow on the plant stem. |
Adventitious Roots ๐พ | Roots that form from non-root tissue, often in response to stress. |
Pathogen ๐ฆ | Microorganism that causes diseases in plants. |
Blight โ ๏ธ | Rapid death of plant tissue caused by a pathogen. |
Wilt ๐ | Drooping leaves caused by water stress or root issues. |
Mildew ๐ | Fungal growth on leaves and stems, often grey or white. |
Rot ๐ชฆ | Decomposition of plant tissue caused by bacteria or fungi. |
Necrosis ๐ | Dead patches of plant tissue, often caused by disease. |
Canker ๐ช | Localised dead area on bark or stems, often fungal. |
Leaf Spot ๐ | Small, discolored spots on leaves caused by fungi or bacteria. |
Damping Off ๐ | A fungal disease that causes seedlings to collapse and die. |
Virus ๐ฆ | Submicroscopic pathogen that causes plant diseases. |
Mosaic Virus ๐ก | A virus that causes mottled or patchy leaf discoloration. |
Viral Vector ๐ | Insect or organism that carries viruses between plants. |
Inoculation ๐ | Introducing a pathogen or virus into a plant. |
Gall โก | Abnormal plant tissue growth caused by insects or fungi. |
Systemic Infection ๐งฌ | Disease that spreads throughout the entire plant system. |
Vector ๐ฆ | Organism like insects that spread plant diseases. |
Mycoplasma ๐งซ | Bacteria-like organisms causing plant diseases, spread by insects. |
Fungicide ๐งช | Chemical or biological treatment used to kill fungi. |
Bactericide ๐งซ | Chemical treatment used to control bacterial infections. |
Biocontrol ๐ | Use of natural predators to control pests and diseases. |
Resistant Variety ๐ก๏ธ | A plant variety bred to resist specific diseases or pests. |
Sanitation ๐งฝ | Preventing disease by cleaning tools and removing infected plants. |
Quarantine ๐ง | Isolating infected plants to prevent spreading diseases. |
IPM ๐ ๏ธ | A comprehensive approach using multiple methods to manage pests. |