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CHEAT SHEET

CHEAT SHEET

Growth Terms

  • Photosynthesis: The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose.

  • Germination: The process where a seed begins to sprout and grow into a seedling. Influenced by water, temperature, and light.

  • Transpiration: The process of water movement through a plant and evaporation from aerial parts like leaves, stems, and flowers.

  • Vigour: A plantโ€™s overall health and capacity for growth under optimal conditions.

  • Chlorosis: Yellowing of plant leaves due to lack of chlorophyll, often caused by nutrient deficiencies, poor drainage, or disease.

  • Meristem: Plant tissue that remains capable of growth and differentiation; located at tips of roots and shoots for continual growth.

  • Turgor Pressure: Pressure of water inside the plant cell walls that keeps the plant rigid and upright.

  • Node: The part of a plant stem where leaves, branches, or flowers grow, and where growth can be measured.

  • Adventitious Roots: Roots that grow from non-root tissues, often in response to stress or for added support.


Disease Terms

  • Pathogen: A disease-causing organism, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes, that can infect plants.

  • Blight: A general term for rapid and complete plant death caused by a pathogen, often seen in leaves, stems, or flowers.

  • Wilt: A condition where leaves droop or collapse due to water loss, poor nutrient uptake, or root disease.

  • Mildew: Fungal growth on plants, typically white or grey, affecting leaves and stems. Common types include powdery mildew and downy mildew.

  • Rot: Decomposition of plant tissues due to fungal or bacterial infection. Types include root rot, stem rot, and crown rot.

  • Necrosis: Death of plant tissue, often appearing as brown or black spots on leaves or stems, due to disease or stress.

  • Canker: A localized dead area on the bark or stems of plants, usually caused by fungal or bacterial infections.

  • Leaf Spot: Localized dead tissue on leaves, usually circular spots caused by fungi or bacteria.

  • Damping Off: A fungal disease that affects seedlings, causing them to collapse and die soon after germination.


Virus and Pest Terms

  • Virus: A submicroscopic pathogen that can infect plants, causing symptoms like mottling, curling, and stunted growth.

  • Mosaic Virus: A viral disease that causes mottled or patchy discoloration on leaves, reducing plant health and yield.

  • Viral Vector: An organism, often an insect like aphids or whiteflies, that transmits plant viruses from one plant to another.

  • Inoculation: The introduction of a pathogen or virus into a plant, often referring to virus transmission or purposeful introduction for resistance studies.

  • Gall: An abnormal growth on plant tissues, often caused by insects, bacteria, fungi, or nematodes.

  • Systemic Infection: When a virus or pathogen spreads throughout the entire plant, affecting growth, yield, and health across all parts.

  • Vector: An organism that carries and spreads disease-causing pathogens. Examples include insects, mites, and nematodes.

  • Mycoplasma: A group of bacteria-like organisms that cause diseases in plants, often spread by insect vectors.


Preventive and Treatment Terms

  • Fungicide: A chemical or biological substance used to kill or inhibit fungal pathogens.

  • Bactericide: A chemical substance used to kill or control bacterial pathogens.

  • Biocontrol: The use of natural predators or parasites to control pests and diseases in plants.

  • Resistant Variety: A plant variety bred or genetically modified to resist specific pathogens, pests, or environmental conditions.

  • Sanitation: Practices used to prevent the spread of diseases and pests, including removing infected plant material and disinfecting tools.

  • Quarantine: The isolation of infected plants or crops to prevent the spread of diseases to healthy plants.

  • IPM (Integrated Pest Management): A holistic approach to controlling pests and diseases using a combination of biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical strategies.


Term Description
Photosynthesis ๐ŸŒž Plants use sunlight, water, and CO2 to produce energy.
Germination ๐ŸŒฑ The process by which a seed sprouts and begins to grow.
Transpiration ๐Ÿ’ง Water movement through plants and evaporation.
Vigour ๐Ÿ’ช Overall health and strong growth under optimal conditions.
Chlorosis ๐Ÿ‚ Yellowing of leaves due to nutrient deficiency or disease.
Meristem ๐ŸŒฟ Plant tissue capable of growth at tips of roots and shoots.
Turgor Pressure ๐Ÿšฐ Water pressure inside cells keeping plants rigid and upright.
Node ๐ŸŒณ Where leaves or branches grow on the plant stem.
Adventitious Roots ๐ŸŒพ Roots that form from non-root tissue, often in response to stress.
Pathogen ๐Ÿฆ  Microorganism that causes diseases in plants.
Blight โš ๏ธ Rapid death of plant tissue caused by a pathogen.
Wilt ๐Ÿ˜“ Drooping leaves caused by water stress or root issues.
Mildew ๐Ÿ„ Fungal growth on leaves and stems, often grey or white.
Rot ๐Ÿชฆ Decomposition of plant tissue caused by bacteria or fungi.
Necrosis ๐Ÿ’€ Dead patches of plant tissue, often caused by disease.
Canker ๐Ÿ”ช Localised dead area on bark or stems, often fungal.
Leaf Spot ๐Ÿƒ Small, discolored spots on leaves caused by fungi or bacteria.
Damping Off ๐Ÿ›‘ A fungal disease that causes seedlings to collapse and die.
Virus ๐Ÿฆ  Submicroscopic pathogen that causes plant diseases.
Mosaic Virus ๐ŸŸก A virus that causes mottled or patchy leaf discoloration.
Viral Vector ๐Ÿž Insect or organism that carries viruses between plants.
Inoculation ๐Ÿ’‰ Introducing a pathogen or virus into a plant.
Gall โšก Abnormal plant tissue growth caused by insects or fungi.
Systemic Infection ๐Ÿงฌ Disease that spreads throughout the entire plant system.
Vector ๐Ÿฆ— Organism like insects that spread plant diseases.
Mycoplasma ๐Ÿงซ Bacteria-like organisms causing plant diseases, spread by insects.
Fungicide ๐Ÿงช Chemical or biological treatment used to kill fungi.
Bactericide ๐Ÿงซ Chemical treatment used to control bacterial infections.
Biocontrol ๐Ÿ› Use of natural predators to control pests and diseases.
Resistant Variety ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ A plant variety bred to resist specific diseases or pests.
Sanitation ๐Ÿงฝ Preventing disease by cleaning tools and removing infected plants.
Quarantine ๐Ÿšง Isolating infected plants to prevent spreading diseases.
IPM ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ A comprehensive approach using multiple methods to manage pests.
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